ABSTRACT

Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is a neuropsychological condition characterized by impaired sustained attention, mental fog, and slowed information processing speed. It typically manifests through a tendency toward daydreaming, slowed cognitive processes, and low responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Historically referred to as “sluggish cognitive tempo,” this syndrome was initially associated with laziness or lack of motivation; however, it is now recognized as an independent clinical entity that affects cognitive functioning. Identified as a distinct condition in the late 1980s, CDS leads to notable difficulties in concentration, information processing, and task initiation, negatively impacting academic and social functioning. The primary aim of this study is to delineate the differences between CDS and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to better understand the mechanism of cognitive disengagement, and to identify effective intervention strategies. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the efficacy of current treatment approaches and to contribute to the development of more effective future strategies. Findings indicate that the cognitive characteristics of CDS substantially affect individuals’ quality of life. While cognitive slowness and attentional distractibility are predominant in CDS, hyperactivity and impulsivity are more prominent in ADHD. Intervention options include cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, and pharmacological treatments; the most effective outcomes are achieved through an integrated application of behavioral and biological approaches. Further advanced and comprehensive research is needed to develop more effective treatment strategies.